Thyroid & Parathyroid

The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone (TH) that controls your body’s energy production and consumption.

This hormone helps regulate a variety of body processes including heart rate, body temperature, and how quickly you burn calories. When too much or too little hormone is generated, your health is negatively affected.

Hyperthyroidismis the name given to a disorder that is the result of too much TH hormone. This causes the metabolism to speed up, leading to rapid or irregular heartbeat, anxiety, irritability, nervousness, fatigue, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, tremors, weight loss, and increased bowel movements. Hyperthyroidism can be caused by an autoimmune disorder known as Grave’s disease, nodules, goiter, inflammation of the thyroid gland, and too much iodine. The condition is usually treated with drugs such as beta-blockers, antithyroid medications like methimazole, radioactive iodine, or surgery.

When the opposite occurs and too little TH hormone is produced, the metabolism slows down and results in a condition known as hypothyroidism. Symptoms include depression, fatigue, sore muscles, dry skin, puffy face, swollen legs, weight gain, constipation, and sensitivity to cold. An autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Others include inflammation of the thyroid gland called lymphocytic thyroiditis, thyroid destruction following radioactive iodine treatment or surgery, pituitary gland injury, and iodine deficiency. Treatment for this disorder involves life-long therapy with synthetic thyroid hormone.